This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. April 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message. MacOS High Sierra 10.13.4 can be downloaded directly from the Mac App Store or through the Software Update function in the Mac App Store on all compatible Macs that are already running macOS High.

Mac OS X Panther is the fourth major release of Mac OS X, Apple’s desktop and server operating system. It followed preceded Mac OS X Tiger. Apple released Panther on October 24, 2003; the system requirements are: PowerPC G3, G4, or G5 processor Built-in USB At least 128 MB of RAM At least 1.5 GB of available hard disk space CD drive Internet access requires a compatible service provider. Mac accountVideo conferencing requires: 333 MHz or faster PowerPC G3, G4, or G5 processor Broadband internet access Compatible FireWire DV camera or web cameraSince a New World ROM was required for Mac OS X Panther, certain older computers were unable to run Panther by default. Third-party software can, override checks made during the install process. Panther still supported the Classic environment for running older Mac OS 9 applications but made Classic application windows double-buffered, which interfered with some applications expecting to directly draw to the screen. Apple advertised that Mac OS X Panther had over 150 new features, including: Finder: Updated with a brushed-metal interface, a new live search engine, customizable Sidebar, secure deletion, File labels and Zip support built in.

The Finder icon was changed. Fast User Switching: Allows a user to remain logged in while another user logs in Exposé: Helps the user manage windows by showing them all as thumbnails. TextEdit: TextEdit now is compatible with Microsoft Word documents. Xcode developer tools: Faster compile times with gcc 3.3. Preview: Increased speed with PDF rendering QuickTime: Now supports the Pixlet high definition video codecFont Book: Font Book, Apple's font manager, simplifies viewing character maps and installing fonts, it allows the user to sort fonts into categories. FileVault: On the fly encryption and decryption of a user’s home folder iChat AV: The new version of iChat. Now with built-in Audio- and video-conferencing. X11: X11 is built into Panther Safari: A new web browser, developed to replace Internet Explorer for Mac when the contract between Apple and Microsoft ended, although Internet Explorer for Mac was still available. Safari 1.0 was used as the default browser in Panther. Microsoft Windows interoperability improvements, including out-of-the-box support for Active Directory and SecurID-based VPNs.

Built-in fax support

Apple's Intel Transition was the process of changing the Central Processing Unit of Macintosh computers from PowerPC processors to Intel x86 processors. The transition became public knowledge at the 2005 Worldwide Developers Conference, when Apple's CEO Steve Jobs made the announcement that the company would make a transition from the use of PowerPC microprocessors supplied by Freescale and IBM in its Macintosh computers, to processors designed and manufactured by Intel, a chief supplier for most of Apple's competitors; the transition marked the Macintosh platform's second migration to a new CPU architecture. The first was the switch from the Motorola68000 series architecture to the PowerPC architecture. Apple's initial press release indicated the transition would begin by June 2006, finish by the end of 2007, but it proceeded much more quickly; the first generation Intel-based Macintoshes were released in January 2006 with Mac OS X 10.4.4 Tiger, Steve Jobs announced the last models to switch in August 2006, with the Mac Pro available and with the Intel Xserve available by October 2006.

The Xserve servers were available in December 2006. Apple released Mac OS X v10.6 'Snow Leopard' on August 28, 2009 as Intel-only, removing support for the PowerPC architecture. It is the last Mac OS X version that supports PowerPC based applications, as Mac OS X v10.7 'Lion' dropped support for Rosetta. June 6, 2005: Apple announces its plans to switch to Intel processors at the Worldwide Developer Conference and released a Developer Transition System, a PC running an Intel build of Mac OS X 10.4.1 with a Trusted Platform Module in a modified Power Mac G5 case, to all Select and Premier members of the Apple Developer Connection at a price of $999. January 10, 2006: Jobs announces the first two computers in this series, the 15' MacBook Pro and iMacCore Duo line, both using an Intel Core Duo chip and offers to trade in the Developer Transition Kits for iMacs. February 28, 2006: Jobs announces that the Mac mini now comes with an Intel Core chip, in either the Solo or Duo varieties. April 5, 2006: Apple announced the release of Boot Camp, which allowed users of Intel-based Macs to run Windows XP.

April 24, 2006: Apple announces the 17' MacBook Pro, replacing the 17' PowerBook. April 27, 2006: Intel announces that processors with the Core microarchitecture would be released months sooner than thought. May 16, 2006: Apple announces the 13' MacBook, replacing both the iBook line and the 12' PowerBook. June 26, 2006: Intel announces the Xeon 5100 series server/workstation CPU. July 5, 2006: Apple announces a special educational configuration of the iMac, replacing the old G4 eMac. August 7, 2006: 'Transition Complete' - Apple announces the Intel-based Mac Pro and Xserve, replacing the Power Mac G5 and Xserve G5, at the Worldwide Developers Conference. Mac os sierra. October 26, 2007: Apple ships Mac OS X 10.5 'Leopard', the final release with PowerPC support. Macs using a G3 processor cannot boot this operating system, as only G4 and G5 processors with a minimum 867 MHz clock speed are supported. August 28, 2009: Apple ships Mac OS X 10.6 'Snow Leopard' for Intel Macs. PowerPC Macs cannot boot this OS; this is the final release with Rosetta, allowing PowerPC software to run on an Intel Mac.

March 1, 2011: The beta version of the then-upcoming Mac OS X Lion drops 'Rosetta' and will not be able to run PowerPC based software. July 20, 2011: The release of Mac OS X 10.7 Lion formally ends Apple's support of PowerPC-based software. August 7, 2011: PowerPC hardware reaches 'vintage' status having been discontinued five years earlier, ending most of Apple's service and parts support for PowerPC hardware. June 11, 2012: Apple releases iTunes 10.6.3, their last application with support for PowerPC processors. August 7, 2013: PowerPC hardware reaches 'obsolete' status having been discontinued seven years prior, ending all of Apple's service and parts support for PowerPC hardware; the names of some of Apple's desktop and laptop product lines changed between the PowerPC version and the corresponding Intel version. Most notably, the word 'Power' was dropped from all product lines. During the Keynote address at Macworld in 2006, where the first Intel-based Macs, the iMac and MacBook Pro, were announced, Steve Jobs remarked that the new naming schemes for their products reflected their desire to have 'Mac' in the name of all of their computers, because they were 'done with power.'

This was in reference to the fact that the previous PowerPC G5 processors were not energy efficient, therefore used far too much power to be used in any portable Macs. The first known attempt to move to Intel platforms was the Star Trek project from spring 1992 to 1993, a joint effort with Novell to port Mac OS 7 to run on ordinary 486 PCs, it was based on Novell's next in-development version of DR DOS with its pre-emptive multitasker, which provided a hybrid 32-bit/16-bit core system similar in architecture to Windows 3.1 in 386 Enhanced Mode, but without a GUI. The ported System 7.1 ran on top of this environment. While the project was successful with running pre-beta versions it was stopped in 1993 after management and strategy changes; the core system was released as part of Novell DOS 7. The Macintosh line underwent a similar transition between 1994 and about 1996, when Apple switched from Motorola's 68k series of chips to IBM/Motorola PowerPC processors, developed jointly by Motorola, IBM.

This took several years, during which Apple produced versions of the classic Mac OS that could run on either platform, introduced fa

MacOS is a series of proprietary graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001. It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac computers. Within the market of desktop and home computers, by web usage, it is the second most used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows.macOS is the second major series of Macintosh operating systems. The first is colloquially called the classic Mac OS, introduced in 1984, the final release of, Mac OS 9 in 1999; the first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released in March 2001, with its first update, 10.1, arriving that year. After this, Apple began naming its releases after big cats, which lasted until OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion. Since OS X 10.9 Mavericks, releases have been named after locations in California. Apple shortened the name to 'OS X' in 2012 and changed it to 'macOS' in 2016, adopting the nomenclature that they were using for their other operating systems, iOS, watchOS, tvOS; the latest version is macOS Catalina, publicly released in October 2019.

Between 1999 and 2009, Apple sold. The initial version, Mac OS X Server 1.0, was released in 1999 with a user interface similar to Mac OS 8.5. After this, new versions were introduced concurrently with the desktop version of Mac OS X. Beginning with Mac OS X 10.7 Lion, the server functions were made available as a separate package on the Mac App Store.macOS is based on the Unix operating system and on technologies developed between 1985 and 1997 at NeXT, a company that Apple co-founder Steve Jobs created after leaving Apple in 1985. The 'X' in Mac OS X and OS X is pronounced as such; the X was a prominent part of the operating system's brand identity and marketing in its early years, but receded in prominence since the release of Snow Leopard in 2009. UNIX 03 certification was achieved for the Intel version of Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard and all releases from Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard up to the current version have UNIX 03 certification. MacOS shares its Unix-based core, named Darwin, many of its frameworks with iOS, iPadOS, tvOS, watchOS.

A modified version of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger was used for the first-generation Apple TV. Releases of Mac OS X from 1999 to 2005 ran on the PowerPC-based Macs of that period. After Apple announced that they were switching to Intel CPUs from 2006 onwards, versions were released for 32-bit and 64-bitIntel-based Macs. Versions from Mac OS X 10.7 Lion run on 64-bit Intel CPUs, in contrast to the ARM architecture used on iOS and watchOS devices, do not support PowerPC applications. The heritage of what would become macOS had originated at NeXT, a company founded by Steve Jobs following his departure from Apple in 1985. There, the Unix-likeNeXTSTEP operating system was developed, launched in 1989; the kernel of NeXTSTEP is based upon the Mach kernel, developed at Carnegie Mellon University, with additional kernel layers and low-level user space code derived from parts of BSD. Its graphical user interface was built on top of an object-oriented GUI toolkit using the Objective-C programming language. Throughout the early 1990s, Apple had tried to create a 'next-generation' OS to succeed its classic Mac OS through the Taligent and Gershwin projects, but all of them were abandoned.

This led Apple to purchase NeXT in 1996, allowing NeXTSTEP called OPENSTEP, to serve as the basis for Apple's next generation operating system. This purchase led to Steve Jobs returning to Apple as an interim, the permanent CEO, shepherding the transformation of the programmer-friendly OPENSTEP into a system that would be adopted by Apple's primary market of home users and creative professionals; the project was first code named 'Rhapsody' and officially named Mac OS X. Mac OS X was presented as the tenth major version of Apple's operating system for Macintosh computers. Previous Macintosh operating systems were named using Arabic numerals, as with Mac OS 8 and Mac OS 9; the letter 'X' in Mac OS X's name refers to the number 10, a Roman numeral, Apple has stated that it should be pronounced 'ten' in this context. However, it is commonly pronounced like the letter 'X'; the first version of Mac OS X, Mac OS X Server 1.0, was a transitional product, featuring an interface resembling the classic Mac OS, though it was not compatible with software designed for the older system.

Consumer releases of Mac OS X included more backward compatibility. Mac OS applications could be rewritten to run natively via the Carbon API; the consumer version of Mac OS X was launched in 2001 with Mac OS X 10.0. Reviews were variable, with extensive praise for its sophisticated, glossy Aqua interface, but criticizing it for sluggish performance. With Apple's popularity at a low, the makers of several classic Mac applications such as FrameMaker and PageMaker declined to develop new versions of their software for Mac OS X. Ars Technica columnist John Siracusa, who reviewed every major OS X release up to 10.10, described the early releases in retrospect as'dog-slow, feature poor' and Aqua as'unbearably slow and a huge resource hog'. Apple developed several new releases of Mac OS X. Siracusa's review of version 10.3, noted 'It's strange to have gone from years of uncertainty and vaporware to a steady annual supply of major new operating system releases.' Version 10.4, Tiger shocked executives at Microsoft by offering a number of feature

Mac OS X 10.1 is the second major release of Mac OS X, Apple's desktop and server operating system. It superseded Mac OS X 10.0 and preceded Mac OS X 10.2. Version 10.1 was released on September 2001 as a free update for Mac OS X 10.0 users. The operating system was handed out for no charge by Apple employees after Steve Jobs' keynote speech at the Seybold publishing conference in San Francisco, it was subsequently distributed to Mac users on October 25, 2001 at Apple Stores and other retail stores that carried Apple products. The operating system was better received than Mac OS X 10.0, although critics claimed that the operating system was still lacking some features and was plagued with bugs. Supported computers: Power Mac G3Power Mac G4Power Mac G4 CubeiMac G3 eMacPowerBook G3, except for the original PowerBook G3 PowerBook G4 iBookRAM: 128 megabytesHard Drive Space: 1.5 gigabytes Apple introduced many features that were missing from the previous version, as well as improving overall system performance.

This system release brought some major new features to the Mac OS X platform: Performance enhancements — Mac OS X 10.1 introduced large performance increases throughout the system. Easier CD and DVD burning — better support in Finder as well as in iTunes DVD playback support — DVDs can be played in Apple DVD Player More printer support — One of the main complaints of version 10.0 users was the lack of printer drivers, Apple attempted to remedy the situation by including more drivers, although many critics complained that there were still not enough. Faster 3D — The OpenGL drivers and handling were vastly improved in this version of Mac OS X, which created a large performance gap for 3D elements in the interface, 3D applications. Improved AppleScript — The scripting interface now allows scripting access to many more system components, such as the Printer Center, Terminal, thus improving the customizability of the interface; as well, Apple introduced AppleScript Studio, which allows a user to create full AppleScript applications in a simple graphical interface.

Improved filehandling - The Finder was enhanced to optionally hide file extensions on a per-file basis. The Cocoa API was enhanced to allow developers to set traditional Mac type and creator information directly without relying on Carbon to do it. ColorSync 4.0, the color management system and API. Image Capture, for acquiring images from digital cameras and scanners. Although version 10.1 was a more efficient operating system than its predecessor, it still received its share of criticism. System performance — Although system performance in version 10.1 was improved, it was still deemed'not enough' for many to adopt Mac OS X as their main operating system. Minor upgrade — While version 10.1 made some significant headway, many users criticized the step between versions 10.0 and 10.1 as not large enough. The user interface was said to have changed at all, significant bugs still existed, some that caused entire system crashes. Critics claimed that Mac OS X was still not developed in terms of reliability or functionality, as such could not be used as a main operating system under normal conditions.

They believed that Apple's use of Mac OS 9 as the default booting operating system on new computers illustrated their point. Apple switched to using Mac OS X as the default with the 10.1.2 release. Mac OS X v10.1 review at Ars Technica Technical Note TN2029: Mac OS X v10.1 at the Wayback Machine from apple.com Technical Note TN2043: Mac OS X v10.1.1 - v10.1.3 at the Wayback Machine from apple.com

Victor Kraatz, is a Canadian former ice dancer. In 2003, he and his partner, Shae-Lynn Bourne, became the first North American ice dancers to win a World Championship. Born on April 7, 1971 in West Berlin, Victor Kraatz grew up in Switzerland. At age 15, he moved to British Columbia, Canada. Kraatz married Finnish ice dancer Maikki Uotila on June 19, 2004 in Finland, they have two sons -- Oliver, born September 2006 in North Vancouver, British Columbia. Kraatz began to skate in 1980. In Switzerland, former pair skaters Mona and Peter Szabo taught him basic skills, his first ice dancing partner was Analisa Beltrami of Switzerland. After his move to Canada, Kraatz was coached by Joanne Sloman in Vancouver, British Columbia. In the early 1990s, he switched to Josee Picard in Montreal, Quebec, he had a partnership with Taryn O'Neill. On April 20, 1991, Kraatz began skating with Shae-Lynn Bourne, a pair skater until that time. Bourne tried out with him in Quebec on the suggestion of a coach, Paul Wirtz.

During their career, Bourne/Kraatz were coached at various times by Tatiana Tarasova, Natalia Dubova, Uschi Keszler, Marina Klimova and Sergei Ponomarenko, Nikolai Morozov. For the 1997–98 season, their free dance was modeled after Riverdance, with footwork instruction provided by Riverdance lead dancer Colin Dunne. Bourne/Kraatz became known for soft knees, they were credited with popularizing the hydroblading technique. Bourne/Kraatz missed the 2000 Four Continents and 2000 World Championships due to Bourne's knee surgery. In spring 2000, they changed coaches, moving to Tatiana Tarasova and Nikolai Morozov in Newington, Connecticut. Bourne/Kraatz withdrew from their 2002 Grand Prix events due to Bourne's injury, they won their third Four Continents title. Bourne/Kraatz went on to become the first World champions in ice dancing from North America, winning gold at the 2003 World Championships in Washington, D. C, they retired from competition at the end of the season. On October 21, 2003, they announced the end of their partnership.

In January 2007, they were inducted into the Skate Canada Hall of Fame. Kraatz represented CPA Boucherville in Quebec. After retiring from skating, Kraatz studied marketing and began working at a marketing agency in Yaletown, British Columbia. In 2005, Kraatz joined the B. C. Centre of Excellence, he went on to coach Allie Hann-McCurdy / Michael Coreno, Carolina Hermann / Daniel Hermann, Danielle O'Brien / Gregory Merriman. In the winter of 2012–13 season, he switched to coaching hockey players. GP: Part of Champions Series from 1995–96 season, renamed Grand Prix series in 1998–99 Official website Shae-Lynn Bourne / Victor Kraatz at the International Skating Union

The United States Postal Inspection Service or the Postal Inspectors is the law enforcement arm of the United States Postal Service. Its jurisdiction is defined as 'crimes that may adversely affect or fraudulently use the U. S. Mail, the postal system or postal employees.' The mission of the U. S. Postal Inspection Service is to support and protect the U. S. Postal Service, its employees and customers by enforcing the laws that defend the nation's mail system from illegal or dangerous use. In fiscal year 2014, USPIS had 2,376 field employees, a decline of 44.7% from fiscal year 1995. In 2008, the U. S. Postal Inspection Service had 2,288 full-time personnel with the authority to make arrests and carry firearms on duty; this represented a 23.1% drop over the previous five years. The Postal Inspection Service has the oldest origins of any federal law enforcement agency in the United States, it traces its roots back to 1772 when colonial Postmaster GeneralBenjamin Franklin first appointed a 'surveyor' to regulate and audit the mails.

Thus, the Service's origins—in part—predate the Declaration of Independence, therefore the United States itself. As Franklin was appointed Postmaster General under the Second Continental Congress, his system continued. One of Franklin's first acts as Postmaster General was to appoint William Goddard as the first Postal Surveyor of the newly founded American postal system, in charge of inspecting the integrity and security of postal routes, regulating post offices, auditing their accounts. A letter from Franklin to Goddard, dated August 7, 1775, authorized a total of $170.00 for Goddard to carry out these duties, so August 7 is recognized as the 'birthday' of the U. S. Postal Inspection Service. In 1801, the title of 'surveyor' was changed to Special Agent. In 1830, the Special Agents were organized into the Office of Mail Depredations; the Postal Inspection Service was the first federal law enforcement agency to use the title Special Agent for its officers. Congress changed this title to Inspector in 1880.

For some time, one of their primary duties was the enforcement of obscenity prohibitions under the Comstock Act. As fact-finding and investigative agents, Postal Inspectors are sworn federal law enforcement officers who carry firearms, make arrests and serve federal search warrants and subpoenas. Inspectors work with U. S. Attorneys, other law enforcement agencies, local prosecutors to investigate postal cases and prepare them for court. For example, on all international mail, Postal Inspectors work with U. S. Customs and Border Protection or U. S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s Homeland Security Investigations. There are 1,200 Postal Inspectors stationed throughout the United States and abroad who enforce more than 200 federal laws covering investigations of crimes that adversely affect or fraudulently use the U. S. Mail and postal system; the USPIS has responsibility to safeguard over 600,000 Postal Service employees and billions of pieces of mail transported worldwide yearly by air, land and sea.

USPIS was at one time the only investigative agency of the Postal Service. The USPS OIG conducts independent investigations. Audits of postal programs and operations help to determine whether the programs and operations are efficient and cost-effective. Investigations help prevent and detect fraud and misconduct and have a deterrent effect on postal crimes; the OIG took over the Postal Inspection Service's audit function, as well as fraud waste and abuse. Since the September 11, 2001, the USPIS has investigated several cases where ricin and other toxic substances were sent through the mail. Although the USPIS has a wide jurisdiction, USPIS investigations can be categorized into these seven types of investigative teams and functions: Fraud: These types of investigation involve crimes that use the mails to facilitate fraud against consumers and government. Federal statutes that surround these types of investigations include, mail fraud, other criminal statutes when they are tied to the mails such as bank fraud, identity theft, credit card fraud, wire fraud, Internet/computer fraud.

Mail fraud is a statute, used in prosecuting many white collar crimes, this would include, Ponzi schemes, 419 frauds, other white collar crimes where the mail was used to facilitate the fraud including public corruption. In the 1960s and 70s, inspectors under regional chief postal inspectors such as Martin McGee, known as 'Mr. Mail Fraud,' exposed and prosecuted numerous swindles involving land sales, phony advertising practices, insurance ripoffs and fraudulent charitable organizations using mail fraud charges. McGee is credited with assisting in the conviction of former Illinois GovernorOtto Kerner on mail fraud charges. External Crime & Violent Crime Teams: The External Crimes Function of USPIS is a function that investigates any theft of US mail by non employees, assaults of postal employees and theft and robberies of postal property; this function investigates robberies of postal employees and postal facilities, burglaries of postal facilities, assaults and murders against postal employees.

This investigative function focuses on ensuring that the sanctity and trust in the U. S. Mail system is maintained. Prohibited Mailing Investigations: Prohibited mailing investigations are USPIS investigations that focus on

Princess Anita of Orange-Nassau is the wife of Prince Pieter-Christiaan of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven, thereby member of the Dutch Royal Family by marriage. Anita van Eijk was born in Neuchâtel, the daughter of Leonardus Antonius van Eijk and J. C. M. van Eijk-Steens. She spent her early childhood in Aix-en-Provence, before the family headed back to the Netherlands where she undertook her primary school education; the family moved to Singapore, where she studied at the United World College of South East Asia, before returning to the Netherlands, where she completed an International Baccalaureate at the Rijnlands Lyceum in Oegstgeest. She studied English and literature at Leiden University and afterwards communications at the University of Amsterdam, where she graduated in 1996. During her university years, Anita undertook an internship in London at the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency. Anita was employed in 1997 by the Amsterdam branch of Bloomberg, was subsequently sent to London for a stint in Sales/Marketing and Television Production.

She worked in the marketing department of auction house Christie’s. Van Eijk met Prince Pieter-Christiaan of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven in London and the couple announced their engagement on 25 February 2005. Prince Pieter-Christiaan is the third son of Princess Margriet of the Netherlands and Pieter van Vollenhoven, they married in a civil ceremony on 25 August 2005 at the Het Loo Palace, followed by a religious ceremony on 27 August 2005 at the Grote of St. Jeroenskerk known as Oude Jeroenskerk, in Noordwijk. Since Prince Pieter-Christiaan did not seek parliamentary approval for his marriage, owing to the remote chance of his succession to the throne, he lost his place in line to the Dutch throne upon his marriage. On 9 June 2006, his wife announced that they were expecting their first child. Anita gave birth to a daughter, Emma Francisca Catharina van Vollenhoven, on 28 November 2006; the baby was born at 6:00 pm at the Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis in Amsterdam. Anita gave birth to their second child, Pieter Anton Maurits Erik, on 19 November 2008.

The family lives in Noordwijk. Royal House of the Netherlands Biography on Het Koninklijk Huis web site